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全部區域 > 神學 > 禮儀與聖事 > Apostolic Exhortation: SACRAMENTUM CARITATIS

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edward


Posted -
2007/3/6 下午 07:19:37

將於下週二(三月十三日)正式發表。

edward


Posted -
2007/3/13 下午 07:04:16

BENEDICTI PP. XVI
SUMMI PONTIFICIS
ADHORTATIO APOSTOLICA
POSTSYNODALIS
SACRAMENTUM CARITATIS
AD EPISCOPOS SACERDOTES
CONSECRATOS CONSECRATASQUE
NECNON CHRISTIFIDELES LAICOS
DE EUCHARISTIA
VITAE MISSIONISQUE ECCLESIAE
FONTE ET CULMINE

FANNY


Posted -
2007/3/14 下午 10:40:16

so disappointed, why no mention about the Tridentine Latin Mass??

Bro. Ignatius


Posted -
2007/3/15 上午 09:05:47

聖座發表教宗本篤十六世《愛德的聖事》勸諭

(梵蒂岡電臺訊)聖座三月十三日上午在新聞室舉行記者招待會,介紹教宗本篤十六世所寫的《愛德的聖事》勸諭。這道勸諭是教宗根據二零零五年十月在梵蒂岡召開的世界主教會議的閉幕建議而撰寫的。那次世界主教會議的主題為《聖體聖事是教會生命與使命的泉源與巔峰》。主持這次記者招待會的是那次世界主教會議的總報告人,威尼斯的宗主教安傑洛•斯柯拉樞機主教以及世界主教會議秘書長尼柯拉•埃泰羅維奇總主教。

這道新勸諭開門見山便指出:“作為愛德的聖事,至聖聖體聖事乃是耶穌基督自我奉獻的恩典,他把天主對每個人無限的愛啟示給我們”。教宗強調教會在聖體聖事中找到它生活的中心點,不論合時不合時,教會總努力不斷地向眾人宣講天主是愛。

勸諭說:“聖體聖事是超越人任何瞭解能力的事實。在這件聖事中耶穌給的不是某些東西,而是他自己,他獻出自己的身體,傾流自己的鮮血。這是絕對無償的恩賜,由於這個恩賜我們得以參與天主內在的生活”。教宗強調基督信徒舉行祭獻與舊約時代希伯來人舉行祭獻晚餐的絕對不同是:舊約希伯來人的晚餐祭獻對基督信徒已不再有必要舉行,因為舊約所預報的未來的事實,如今已經留給事實真理本身。古代的儀式已經完成了,它被降生為人的天主聖子的愛的恩賜完全超越。在聖體聖事中,耶穌把我們吸引到他生命內,也叫我們加入他奉獻自己的行列中。這樣的加入在我們內心深處產生一種類似核子裂變的根本變化,這種變化激起改變事實的進程,這個進程的最後目標就是整個世界的改變,直到天主成為一切的一切為止。

勸諭指出基督在十字架上的犧牲產生了教會,教會是基督的淨配,也是他的身體。因此,聖體聖事的奧跡增加了基督和教會不能分離的意識。根據這個真理,也可以重新發起大公合一的對話,認識到非天主教的基督信徒,除非在某種特定的情況下,不能領聖體的規定。從堂區牧靈的角度看,教宗勉勵特別注重初領聖體的事情,因為初領聖體給兒童在生命中留下極為深刻的印象,是他們第一次個人與基督相會的時刻。

教宗在勸諭中也提醒司鐸在執行他們的司鐸職務時,絕對不要把他們自己和他們的意見放在首位,而是耶穌基督應該佔有這個位置。任何把自己視為禮儀中的主角的司鐸都與他的司鐸身份相抵觸。教宗也提到他尊重東方禮教會的傳統,但重申拉丁禮教會司鐸獨身生活的深刻意義,獨身生活是合乎基督本人的生活方式,是全心全靈全意奉獻自己給基督,給教會,給天主的國的標誌。因此,教宗重申天主教拉丁禮的神職人員有度獨身生活的義務。

勸諭也提到聖體聖事與婚姻不可拆散的關係,教宗在文獻中指出:“夫妻之間的約束在內在上和基督新郎與教會新娘之間表現在聖體聖事上的關係相連”。在談到這點時,教宗也強調教會必須本著愛和真理來對待離婚又再婚的人,而且說婚姻和家庭是必須提升和維護的體制,它們的真理不可受到任何誤解,任何破壞婚姻和家庭體制的行為都是對人類共存的傷害。

教宗在勸諭中表示,在國際性的禮儀慶典中,除了讀經、講道和信友禱詞外,最好使用拉丁文,因為拉丁文最能表現教會的普世性與合一性。因此,教宗要求未來的司鐸必須研讀拉丁文,學習以拉丁文舉行彌撒,而教友門也要學習最常用的某些拉丁文禱文。

勸諭也提到因缺乏宗教信仰自由而受苦的教友門,他們只因為前去聖堂,就已經是英勇的表現,因為這樣的行為會遭到排斥和暴力的迫害。

最後,教宗宣佈他將公佈有關聖體聖事的綱要,好使人們對聖體聖事有正確的瞭解。

simon


Posted -
2007/3/15 下午 01:10:03

有兩點我看不明白:

一、教宗也強調教會必須本著愛和真理來對待離婚又再婚的人.....

那是甚麼意思?是要指出他們再婚是錯誤的,是罪惡,不過我們本著愛去包容再婚的教友嗎?



二、在國際性的禮儀慶典中,除了讀經、講道和信友禱詞外,最好使用拉丁文,因為拉丁文最能表現教會的普世性與合一性。

現實是現代大多數教友都不懂拉丁文,拉丁文為甚麼最能表現「普世性」?如果「普世性」不是用人口比例來作定義,是用甚麼標準來作定義呢?
比方說,如果世上六十億人口中,二十億懂英文,零點零零一億懂拉丁文,我們仍是會說「拉丁文比英文更具普世性」嗎?

ernst


Posted -
2007/3/26 上午 06:20:41

Dear Simon,

First of all, after reading of your postings, I have been wondering if you really understand the meaning of "Being a CATHOLIC" at all!!!!

Please don't be mistaken....i'm not here trying to challenge your comment .... I just simply amazed by the funny way you have been expressing yourself here.

Let's go back to your Most Recent Posting about the Sacramentum Caritatis.


現實是現代大多數教友都不懂拉丁文,拉丁文為甚麼最能表現「普世性」?

Yes ... No doubt ... i would say over at least 95% of the Catholic population in this world don't understand Latin. It's a Dead Language.


如果「普世性」不是用人口比例來作定義,是用甚麼標準來作定義呢?
比方說,如果世上六十億人口中,二十億懂英文,零點零零一億懂拉丁文,我們仍是會說「拉丁文比英文更具普世性」嗎?


Sorry ... I’m afraid you are quite mistaken here... the Church is Eternal ... as Jesus Christ promised .. it shall be with us until the end of time ... THEREFORE ... we use "Historical Factor" not "Numeral Figure" here to understand the "Universality" of a Language

Latin ... has been the Official Language of the Church for more than 2 thousands of year ... Even St Paul used Latin to write the scriptures...All the Great Saints and Doctors of the church used Latin ... it's the Historical Consideration. Being a Catholic, means that we believe that the Church was established by Christ himself on Peter as the first Pope/Head. It’s a Historic and Apostolic Church…..that’s the reason why there’s something called Apostolic succession ….. An unbroken line from the founding apostles of the Church …. We have guarded and defended these for centuries.

Secondly, back to the matter of being "Universal". Latin is being universal because it has been and still, presumably, the language that we as Latin Rite Catholic to celebrate the Most Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist ~ the Holy Mass. It’s simply like other fellow Catholic brothers in the Eastern tradition to have it celebrated in Aramaic, Greek and Slavic. … Historically, besides the most common and widely celebrated Latin Roman Rite … there are still other Latin rites in existence, namely the Mozarabic, Ambrosian, Braga and Carthisian ….. Right after the release of Sacrosantum Concilium, with introduction of the Novus Ordo rite and reforms on the above mentioned Liturgical rites ….. Latin is still the official and most preferred language for the Mass …..

In Vatican, we still recognize Latin as the Official and Mother Language of the Church ….. It’s something mandated by the Council of Vatican II … as confirmed and emphasized by our Dear current pope Benedict XVI.

Furthermore, as I pointed our earlier, Latin as we all agreed is definitely a Dead language. It hasn’t been a spoken language (meaning being a mother tongue) for centuries. But …… It definitely doesn’t mean that it’s not being Universal. As people all over the world have their own languages ….. Even … ok … if you take English as an example … for sure it has become the most widely spoken language in the world .. I would even say life is rather impossible without knowing the language nowadays …. But would it make the language Universal to the Church?

It doesn’t need me to explain in depths here ….. English is a language originates from England and with the spread of English Colonialism … It was brought to Wales, Scotland, Ireland … and then across the Atlantic to America, Canada …. Caribbean islands … and to Africa … India …. Further to the Oceania …. so …. Here you have …. It becomes the most widely spoken language in the world …. Firstly with British Empire … and now with the American culture and its predominating role as a super world power …

But …. Do you know that even English itself has a lot of variation forms in terms of pronunciation … grammar …. And accent?? Take the Oratio Dominica as an example …. So far as I remember now…. There are already few versions .. Our father which art in Heaven … Our father who are in heaven …. Our father who art in heaven … so …. Which version should we take? ……. The Oldest version? Or the latest version?

What about in Chinese? ……我們的天父,願你的名受顯揚;願你的國來臨 ….or在天我等父者,我等望爾名見聖.爾國臨格 ??? Obviously … both versions are not in time with our generation … as they aren’t being oral enough … so … shall we consider translating it into 我地係天堂既老豆, 希望你個朵成聖.你個皇國快D黎啦 …… Whether you like it or not ….. agree or not …. We would have a more modern version of Pater Noster …. More or less like this in a foreseeable future …

So …. What am I trying to point out? You may ask ….

What I really want to prove here is the status of Latin as the Universal Language of the Church … so WHY a Language which is dead and so irrelevant to our ordinary daily life … would still be ONCE AGAIN encouraged by the Vatican??

The advantage for taking a dead language as the Church’s official language …. Is… most importantly ….. We don’t have to “update” and “modernize” the language of liturgies with time … Since Latin is a dead language … it would no longer develop … so …. It serves the best interest for the Church ….. just like in Law …. I’m sure some brethrens here are practitioners in the Legal Profession …. Why we have to make a simple sentence very long and complicated? ……. It’s because English being a living language …. Even a single word could have different meanings and usages … People could take a document to start a lawsuit by wrongly interpret it with intention …..and won it by even arguing a single word … it’s also the reason why …… besides the Church ….. Legal profession is the 2nd most frequent user of Latin in modern time …. And many of the legal terms are still preserved in Latin …. And Applying this to the Church …... One most basic single doctrine could be wrongly interpreted by Heretic to fool the faithful if the language would change with time ….

Is it sufficient enough for me to establish my point here? Simon ……

Being a Catholic is to seek the Truth …. Rationalism has no place in Heaven …. but Only the Truth …. As taught be Jesus Christ himself …. and through the inspiration of the Holy Ghost by the tongue and link of Saints …..

靚仔


Posted -
2007/3/26 上午 10:09:11

聖保祿雖然是羅馬公民,但教會好像從來無說過保祿以拉丁文寫聖經.我們的聖保祿書信的原文全都是希臘文.
實際上初期教會的"普世"文字不是拉丁,而是希臘文.
很多教父都是使用希臘文的,當時拉丁文只可說是羅馬教會的文字,而不是普世教會的文字.拉丁教父的著作相對上是較後期才出現的.
"All the Great Saints and Doctors of the church used Latin"<--你是想指那些希臘教父和聖師不是聖人和聖師嗎?
甚至早期大公會議所用的語言也主要是希臘文而不是拉丁文.
"it's the Historical Consideration"立論應由正確的教會歷史開始,而不是"想當然"的歷史.

simon


Posted -
2007/3/26 上午 11:39:58

ernst,

謝謝你的詳細解釋,雖然我未能完全明白。

如果是基於歷史原因,所以用拉丁文開彌撒最好,我想問一問,耶穌親自建立聖體聖事時,耶穌是用拉丁文嗎?你的教會歷史知識比我好,由你告訴我吧。我們教會最重視傳統,耶穌用甚麼語言,我們就用甚麼語言,那就可保證「原汁原味」了。

如果拉丁文的好處真的是因為它已死,不會再變化,那麼,你為甚麼不講「唐代的文言文」而用現代中文呢?唐代文言文不會再變化,用來表達意思該最準確。推而廣之,香港的基本法也應該用唐代文言文寫,因為法律最講究準確。

說到底,我並不是反對用拉丁文開彌撒,正如我不會反對用非洲某土語來開彌撒;選用甚麼語言,主要是取決於神父會說甚麼語言和參加彌撒的教友懂甚麼語言。

如果說用拉丁文開國際性的彌撒是「最好」,我就不明白理據是甚麼,除非每次參加國際性彌撒的教友多數懂拉丁文。

你說:「Rationalism has no place in Heaven 」,我不敢和你爭辯,因我不大認識甚麼叫 Rationalism,但 being rational 肯定是神給人的恩賜,你不會自認 irrational 吧。

ernst


Posted -
2007/3/27 上午 01:40:23

Dear 靚仔,

It’s deeply appreciated for your indication here....

Yes …. Not only the Corpus Paulinum was written in Greek …. Even most of the New Testament was so. Though as we all know now … some earliest scriptures were actually written in Hebrew and Aramaic then got translated into Greek later.

It’s too rush in the morning to write the previous reply ...and got so annoyed by the way People openly criticized the teaching of the Church. Don't you feel the same or you simply in the same line with them? 靚仔….

很多教父都是使用希臘文的,當時拉丁文只可說是羅馬教會的文字,而不是普世教會的文字.拉丁教父的著作相對上是較後期才出現的.


You are mistaken ..….. during the earliest history of the Church, the liturgy was celebrated not only in Greek but also in Hebrew and Aramaic. ...and for the earliest Church fathers ..as mentioned above they also wrote in Hebrew and Aramaic …..

Back to the Latin ... as confirmed by St Jerome, one of the greatest Roman Doctors, Latin was first used to celebrate mass by Pope Victor the First in the late 1st Cent .... and of the fact that Latin was widely spoken and understood among the faithful. Even further to Africa, Latin is more familiar for the faithful than Greek ... Ofcourse, nowadays we know little about the exact details of the time but at least it's what told by St Jerome himself.

There is another Great Doctor of the Church and Historian, St Ambrose who started to write and translate theology into Latin by the mid of 3rd Cent. Then with his successor, St Augustine who says - "Among all translation the Itala(Latin) is to be Preferred, for its language is Most Accurate, and its expression the Clearest”

It's the reason why ... St Ambrose, St Augustine, St Jerome with Gregory the Great have been called the Four Great Earliest Doctors of the West.

And not later than the 4 th Century, the Universality of Latin as a ecclesiastical language was confirmed.

And Right until this moment ... if we count from the 5th Cent. the Western Church has been using Latin to celebrate her Litugy for over 1500 years!! ...


當時拉丁文只可說是羅馬教會的文字,而不是普世教會的文字.

If think you are abit confussed here ... You ARE a MEMBER of the WESTERN CHURCH ... not the EASTERN!!!!
"Univerisal" in this topic here, means only in the LATIN (WESTERN)church as We are Roman Catholic ... even in Vactican now ... Liturgy is still celebrated in Latin with Greek ... Since Greek is the "Universial" Lanugage for the Eastern rites Catholic ...
By the way ... don't you know ... even in Latin rite ... Greek is also being empolyed in our masses??
Kyrie Eleison .. Christe Eleison ...

"All the Great Saints and Doctors of the church used Latin"<--你是想指那些希臘教父和聖師不是聖人和聖師嗎?

Absolutely I’m not referring to Greek Doctors and Fathers “ALONE” !!!!! Please ….

甚至早期大公會議所用的語言也主要是希臘文而不是拉丁文.

Yes ...Sure ...No doubt all dogmatic definitions issued by First 7 Ecumenical Councils were in Greek …..But it by no means that Latin wasn't universal in the Western Catholic Church then ..

Further back to the time of Christ, Latin was already the common tongue of Western Europe. By the Second Cent. after Christ, with Romans dominated all of Europe, western Asia and North Africa, Latin was spoken in almost every part of them. Back to Greek, by that time, only Greece, southern Italy and the Near East retained Greek as the primary language … also they could more or less spoken or understood Latin.

Writing in Greek...after the death of St Hippolytus in 235 was no longer the case ... And the Scriptures were first translated into Latin not later than the 2 th Cent. and as mentioned before ...

The Church in Africa first started to use Latin in Liturgy since the mid of 3 rd Cent, while the Church in Rome did continued to celebrate Mass for another century.

But as all Historians agreed, by the 5 th Cent. Latin has already become the EXCULSIVE language of the Liturgy as well as Theology in the Western Catholic Church.



"it's the Historical Consideration"立論應由正確的教會歷史開始,而不是"想當然"的歷史.

Dear brethren in Christ ….. Would the above enough again to “正確地從教會歷史立論???



Lastly ...Let see what our Popes had to say about Latin ...

Father of the VII, Blessed John XXII said in Veterum Sapienntia 1962,
"The Church - beacuse it embraces all nations and is destined to endure to the end of time - of its very nature requires a language which is univeral, immutable and non-vernacular." ..... "Modern languages are liable to change ..... but Latin is set and unchanging. It has long since ceased to be affected by alterations ....Latin language can be called truly CATHOLIC."


Paul VI in his Sacificium Laudis, said
"The Latin language is assuredly worthy of being defended with great care instead of being scorned; for the Latin Church it is the most abundant source of Christian civilization and the richest treasury of piety... we must not hold in low esteem these traditions of your fathers which were your glory for centuries."


What our late Great Pope JPII had to say on Latin?

He said in the Dominicae Cenae, 1980
"The Roman Church has special obligations towards Latin, the splendid language of ancient Rome, and she must manifest them whenever the occasion presents itself."


What about the instruction given by the Second Vatican Council.

In Sacrosanctum Conilium 1963
36 -
"The use of Latin, with due respect to particular law, is to be preserved in the Latin Rites."
54 -
"Nevertheless care must be taken to ensure that the faithful may also be able to say or sing together in Latin those parts of the Ordinary of the Mass which pertain to them."



And who’s由正確的教會歷史開始立論 and who’s from "想當然"的歷史 ?? Aren't you and Simon both disagree and DISOBEY the PopeS???

ernst


Posted -
2007/3/27 上午 03:16:19

Dear Simon,

如果是基於歷史原因,所以用拉丁文開彌撒最好,我想問一問,耶穌親自建立聖體聖事時,耶穌是用拉丁文嗎?

Jesus certainly didn’t use Latin … during the Last Sacrament … He spoke Aramaic …

我們教會最重視傳統,耶穌用甚麼語言,我們就用甚麼語言,那就可保證「原汁原味」了。

That’s why in Maronite rite Catholic, mainly from Lebanon and Beirut … Their liturgy is still being celebrated in Aramaic … the language once spoken by our Lord Jesus Christ himself. But unfortunately, as you have been baptized into the Latin rite …. It would be quite impossible for you to transfer under the Maronites … as I remember …

如果拉丁文的好處真的是因為它已死,不會再變化,那麼,你為甚麼不講「唐代的文言文」而用現代中文呢?唐代文言文不會再變化,用來表達意思該最準確。推而廣之,香港的基本法也應該用唐代文言文寫,因為法律最講究準確。

I think …. If one could say something like”香港的基本法也應該用唐代文言文寫,因為法律最講究準確。” …..I am not obliged to reply.

說到底,我並不是反對用拉丁文開彌撒,正如我不會反對用非洲某土語來開彌撒;選用甚麼語言,主要是取決於神父會說甚麼語言和參加彌撒的教友懂甚麼語言。

Well …… If you are so fond of African culture and music …. It’s in fact a Coptic rite or Alexandrian rite in existence … They use Coptic for liturgy … a language of ancient Egypt ….

如果說用拉丁文開國際性的彌撒是「最好」,我就不明白理據是甚麼,除非每次參加國際性彌撒的教友多數懂拉丁文。

I have already suggested in my previous posting …. I don't have any authority to justify 拉丁文開國際性的彌撒是「最好」 …. Therefore Please read what our Late Popes said at the end of that posting …

你說:「Rationalism has no place in Heaven 」,我不敢和你爭辯,因我不大認識甚麼叫 Rationalism,但 being rational 肯定是神給人的恩賜,你不會自認 irrational 吧。

Yes …. RATIONALISM …. How DARE you as a Catholic called youself a “Rationalist"!!!

It’s not a Gift …… it’s a Sin …. Work of the Satan …. Dear Simon ….Its damned by the Church ...

Pope Leo XII once wrote to English bishops,
“No poison is more fatal to divine faith, than the subtle and insidious spread of Rationalism”.

And again in Libertas dated 1888 he said
"The fundamental doctrine of rationalism is the supremacy of the human reason, which, refusing due submission to the divine and eternal reason, proclaims its own independence, and constitutes itself the supreme principle and source and judge of truth.”

Remember your recent postings in the topic “別開新面的彌撒”…. 這些「以為是真理的東西」,當云瑤T有真理,但未必全是真理。透過交流和摒除私心的研究,可以更接近真理。This is exactly “Dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum” ….

Remember what the Satan said in the Genes as a reminder… “You shall be like gods, knowing good and evil”

靚仔


Posted -
2007/3/27 上午 10:02:24

哈哈哈!可能因為上面人兄用的不是拉丁,所以"當然"不準確,原來說了那麼多話,他說的原來不是"普世教會",而只是"西方教會",那就隨便他說吧.我會不知道自己是西方教會的成員?哈哈哈!只是有人忘記了他不單是西方教會的成員,同時也必然是普世教會的一員而已!
我只想說人的思想"不準確",語言再準確也是沒用的.
我們的大公教會又豈只拉丁教會而已.
成日以為西方教會就是整個天主教會,只是一種無知的表現.
另外,新約書卷是從希伯來文或阿拉美文翻譯回希臘文的說法,現代學者大都摒棄這種看法.
話說回來,最重要的是要多讀點聖經,
不要時常將弟兄們"上綱上線",小弟又有甚麼地方"不服從"教宗了?指出一些人的明顯錯誤言論就可"推論"為"不服從",實在是太神奇了.

THOMA


Posted -
2007/3/27 上午 10:22:11

究竟點解禮儀要用拉丁文舉行?點解不用本地話舉行呢?由於大部分教友都是不懂拉丁文的,那麼本地話不是更能令人明白嗎?
信經就是宣示我們的信德,當我們唸至我信唯一,至聖、至公、從宗徒傳下來的教會的時候,我們就是承認相信這個道理,其中「至公」這一詞語就清楚表達出我們的教會的特性,我們之所以被人稱作「Catholic」公教徒就是因為我們擁有同一的崇拜方式、政府機構-羅馬教廷、教宗、信理,教會訓導,其他教會未必能唸出這篇信經。

「Universality」普世性使公教會與其他的教會截然不同,在宗教改革時,其中有很多極端激進分子強烈批評教會使用拉丁文,甚至說拉丁文是魔鬼的語言。既然普世性是公教會的特性之一,故此一種普世性的語言是必須的,當英文未成為國際日常語言,有很多人都想尋求、引進一些共同語言,使世上每個角落的人都能溝通,不過他們彷彿忘記了我們的教會一早已提供了這種普世的語言。

小時候在主教座堂輔彌撒時,那位意大利藉的神父,曾對我說過:他到日本去舉行彌撒聖祭時,很多日本的教友覺得好像返回家鄉一樣,因為雖然不完全理解神父每一個字的意思,但他們知道世上所有天主教徒均以同樣的方式,同樣的語言讚美頌揚上主,向他舉行不流血的祭獻。

一個神父有兩個主要職責,不是擔當一位社工或輔導員,而是舉行彌撒聖祭及聖化信友,聖化行動包含神父的教導及藉著聖事將恩寵施予給我們,在一台彌撒上,神父是向天主說話,不是向人說話,他是代表人類(我們)向天主說話,所以神父因此成為天人的中保,他們用的是教會的語言(拉丁文)向天主說話,但當神父向教友說話是便必須用上本地語言,所以彌撒中的講道是用本地語言,而非拉丁文。

但我們不可忘記教會不是只僅僅包含宣導或唱聖詩的團體,她更擁有一個官方的崇拜方式-(彌撒聖祭)。彌撒理所當然是最中悅天主的一個祭獻,對象當然是天主,然而,這種崇拜方式採用了她的官方語言(拉丁文)。當然,這種文字亦有一定的好處,正於Ernst兄所說的,拉丁文是一種死的文字,即是不會隨時間而更改的,其實有很多情況都很適合用一些死的文字來表達思想,好像法律專有名詞,教會作為真理的詮釋者,更重要說是將信理能不變地傳給我們,甚至我們的下一代,而且,有很多的字,均是不能用本地話翻譯出來,就像亞孟(Amen),你可以譯得出他背後的意思嗎?在中世紀,我們有很多學者們,神學家,他們均是以拉丁文寫出他們的思想,而他們的思想直接影響了彌撒的神學,因此,彌撒中有很多字都富有神學的意義,翻譯錯誤有機會出現很大的影響。

每個宗教均有他的官方語言,因此,現在猶太教仍用希伯來文舉行祭祀,只有大司祭才能進入至聖聖所舉行祭祀,其餘的教友均是以(精神式)的參與,在外各自唸著不同的祈禱,當中,又有沒有教徒質疑這種做法呢?眾所周知,在耶穌時代,普遍猶太人的語言已是阿拉美語,但他們在會堂誦經、在聖殿作祭祀、舉行逾越節晚餐時,用的卻是希伯來文,這一點,耶穌也遵照,亦未見批評及質疑,為何不以多人用的阿拉美語,而用大部分人已不懂的希伯來文呢?

其實,這足以證明猶太人對於自己民族的語言非常自豪,他們對自己身為猶太人亦非常地自豪,小孩子自少便受拉比的教導學習希伯來文,相反,身為天主教徒的我們,竟對教會的語言漠視,我也自覺羞愧。

教會法典249條訂明:在司鐸培育計劃中,務使修士不只專心學習其本國語言,而且要通曉拉丁文,並對其陶成及執行牧靈任務所必需的或有益的外文,也應有適當的認識。

梵二禮儀憲章36條:在拉丁禮儀內,除非有特殊法律規定,應保存使用拉丁語。

接著又說要設法,使信友們也能用拉丁文共同誦念成歌唱,彌撒常用經文中屬於他們的部分。

現在教宗在通諭裡希望在禮儀慶典中,鼓勵多些使用拉丁文,同時希望要求未來的司鐸必須研讀拉丁文,學習以拉丁文舉行彌撒,而教友門也要學習最常用的某些拉丁文禱文。

其實,這都是重提教會法典及梵二禮儀憲章的諭令,現在竟然被天主教內的教友們質疑,到底是甚麼的一回事呢?我們是否仍然服從教宗呢?


靚仔


Posted -
2007/3/27 上午 11:26:49

無知有時真的幾影響人的視野.

現代的猶太人以希伯來文舉行祭祀?
首先是現代的猶太人何來祭祀?聖殿被毀後就根本再沒有獻祭,這又何來用希伯來文舉行祭祀?

現代的猶太人是否必然地以希伯來文來舉行他們的所有儀式?也不是啊,我就在美國參加過以英文舉行的逾越節晚餐(是真的猶太人家庭舉行那些),否則家中最細年紀的小朋友怎問那"經典問題"?

似乎兩位都有太多的"想當然"了.

首先我要澄清我不反對學習拉丁文,我自己就在學院沒有要求下,也請假在午間回校選修拉丁文,也喜愛額我略調的詠唱方式.但喜愛是一回事,原則卻是另一回事.

兩位還是讀多一點教會學,重新好好理解一下甚麼是"至公性"吧.

靚仔


Posted -
2007/3/27 上午 11:35:22

我們又有沒有想想為何教會最初不使用阿拉美文寫福音,而用了希臘文?而又在希臘文在一些地區不再通行時,改用拉丁文?又或是為何最初的二世紀羅馬教會也用希臘文?
簡單的答案就是,教會用了當時最多人能夠明白的語言來使人明白天主的聖言,只此而已.
不排除任何語言,才更彰顯教會的大公性.
另外,說給天主聽就更無需要用拉丁文,你以為天主會聽唔明嗎?哈哈哈!

being rational 是 sin?
那請你去讀一讀先教宗的"Fides et ratio"

simon


Posted -
2007/3/27 下午 02:04:35

ernst,

交流的其中一個重點是「看」清楚別人寫甚麼,而不是「幻想」別人寫甚麼。

我說:「我不大認識甚麼叫 Rationalism,但 being rational 肯定是神給人的恩賜,你不會自認 irrational 吧。」

你卻說:「 How DARE you as a Catholic called youself a “Rationalist"!!! It’s not a Gift …… it’s a Sin …. Work of the Satan …. Dear Simon ….Its damned by the Church ...」

我建議你再小心讀一讀我的留言,我連甚麼是 Rationalism 也不肯定,我 Simon 在哪個時空自稱是 Rationalist 呢?

Bro Ignatius的貼文說:「在國際性的禮儀慶典中,除了讀經、講道和信友禱詞外,『最好』使用拉丁文.....」
我的問題是就著「最好」一詞。我從沒有否定拉丁文彌撒的意義,我懷疑的是為何說是「最好」。
而你也說了:「I don't have any authority to justify 拉丁文開國際性的彌撒是『最好』」那麼,我們的疑問是否一致?


ernst,
表面上,你的英文比我的好,但有些文法似乎錯了:
How DARE you as a Catholic called youself a “Rationalist"!!!
我未見過有人在dare後面用過去式動詞,英文也沒有youself一詞。

似乎應寫成:

How DARE you as a Catholic call yourself a “Rationalist"!!!




Its damned by the Church ...
應寫成:
It's damned by the Church ..

ernst,
你既然那麼重視語文的準確性,如果你的留言令學生在語文中跌倒,會考不及格,那就不大好了。

Olivia


Posted -
2007/3/27 下午 04:48:27

系呀!系呀!我赞成靓仔你呀!我支持你呀!我地团契也是照顾不同人士的需要架,比如英国人多,我地咪用英文,中国人多,我地咪用中文罗,内地人多我地咪用普通话罗,不过,如果日本、法国、德国、意大利、韩国、非洲人多的时候,我地就唔知点算咯!因为我地牧师都唔识,惟有叫佢学多D野啦!

犹太人不用希伯来文?似乎你讲紧既系自由派的犹太人勒,因为较早时,我曾跟牧师去过耶路撒冷,他们的小孩子好细个就跟拉比学习希伯来文架,因为那些小孩子要在成年礼时公开朗诵摩西五经。

你们这些天主教徒,经常为了这样小的事情在此争论不休,实在无聊至极,其实用乜野语言有乜野所谓哎?最紧要系明白,说话的人讲得生动有趣,令人提高精神咪得罗,崇拜用语我认为最好就系用口语化,因为使人更明白,更贴合潮流。

拉丁文?唔系下话??家下都太空时代啦,仲用拉丁文?好心就Update下啦!时代都变啦,仲讲拉丁文!!

simon


Posted -
2007/3/27 下午 10:11:37

Olivia,

你的留言差點笑死我。你好有幽默感。

如果耶穌忽然出現在你面前,並用Aramaic跟你說話,你是否也會說:「唔係下話,家下都太空年代啦,仲用Aramaic?好心就update下啦,時代都變啦,仲講Aramaic!」

耶穌聽了,大概也會笑個不停。

THOMA


Posted -
2007/3/27 下午 11:14:35

靚仔兄:
多謝閣下的解釋。無錯!聖殿已被毀,現在應無祭祀,十分抱歉!謝謝閣下的修正。

原來閣下的視野那麼廣闊,竟在美國參加過以英文舉行的逾越節晚餐,不過那有如何呢?本人從來沒有講過所有猶太人均用希伯來文,請勿誤會!

其實本人不是說,禮儀一定要用拉丁文,反而本人想說的是為何不能用拉丁文舉行彌撒呢?我只針對有關問題而作出一些個人的回應而已,彌撒用拉丁文之所以在西方教會用了千年多,事實上,教會實在有非常充足的理由,莫非,你認為以往的教會是固步自封地認為拉丁是最好的嗎?

另外,本人非常感謝閣下的勸喻,本人定當細讀現代的教會學。那麼,不知閣下又怎樣看教會的「大公性」呢?願聞其詳!

即使你不說話,天主也是知道的,因為天主是全知,那麼,是否我們不應出聲呢?不是天主聽不明呀!以往從書本學到的就是,彌撒用拉丁文理由是,教會以她的官方語言,為我們人類向天主祈求。

能和靚仔兄在此討論問題,實屬高興!哈哈哈!

edward


Posted -
2007/3/28 上午 01:00:29

其實關於禮儀語言,大家其實不必以「非此即彼」的語調討論。

以小弟的經驗而言,禮儀拉丁語所盛載的,不僅是經文的字面內容,其實亦是一種「文化」,或更好說是一種被公教信仰所深深滲透的文化。

若論教會「最早期」禮儀所使用的語言,很可能是希伯來語。它是舊約聖經、特別是聖詠集的語言。救主基督建立聖體聖事的逾越節晚餐,很可能亦是以希伯來語進行。希伯來語是猶太人當時的「禮儀」語言。

地中海沿岸基督徒所開始使用於禮儀的語言,與其說是「希臘文」,倒不如把它稱為在相當程度上被「希伯來化」的希臘文。它源於七十士譯本的傳統--本身經過數百年時間的「文化交談」來預備新約和教會時代的來臨。

小弟近來讀Claude Tresmontant所著的《The Hebrew Christ: Language In The Age Of The Gospels》,當中作者指出新約福音所用的希臘文,不論在文體和表達方式方面,很可能是適應自(初期教會)希伯來文的口述傳統。

羅馬教會在禮儀中由希臘文轉變為拉丁文,亦是頗為晚期的事情。一種「本地語」要成為實至名歸的「堪當用於禮儀」的語言,所要求的不單單是「普羅信友的理解能力」,它更要求該語言本身被福音所淨化而更有深度,好能恰當地傳遞福音的奧跡。

為此,羅馬教會的禮儀,轉為拉丁文的同時,亦要求另外一些「配件」方面的完善:拉丁文聖經、拉丁神學和額我略詠。這其實亦不是十年八載之間所可以達成的事。

現時禮儀改革在地方實施上所踏出的步伐,以及不少人的心態,的確是有點過了火位。基於一種對「主動參與」的片面理解,他們認為禮儀中使用拉丁語必然有礙教友的參與,因而摒棄拉丁語。

小弟愚見:在禮儀中的相當部份使用拉丁語,有助激勵教友溯本歸源,不斷主動學習,達致更深度的主動參與。

基本上,單單把禮儀譯成中文,有如看西片時只注意中文字幕。當然,明白中文字幕的內容,有助理解西片的大概內容。但觀眾這種層次的理解,相信不是編劇者所最終希望的。

小弟上述所言摒棄拉丁語的行徑,之所以稱為「過了火位」,乃因為這違反了梵二大公會議本身在禮儀憲章所勾劃的藍圖,亦導致教會內相當部份人對傳統事物採取懷疑、更甚者亦有「任君選擇」的態度。當所謂的「羅馬」教會內,九成的神父都不懂拉丁文時,反映的不僅是神職人員的自我身分認同的危機,而亦反映著團體本身的構成要素受到威脅。我們實在應該深刻地反省反省。

當個別地方教會內的絕大部分人、甚至領袖層面的人士都不認識拉丁語時,「羅馬禮儀」本身的存亡成了一個真正需要面對的問題。《Missale Romanum》被潛藏於圖書館多於被放於祭台上在禮儀中使用,這是梵二神長們所冀望的禮儀改革成果嗎?

當再沒有人理解此一禮儀,大家時常掛在口邊的「本地化」就更不知從何說起了。在現實的生活中,我們往往更似是被周遭的外教世俗思潮「本地化」,反而自欺欺人地以為曾「做」過一些了不起的事情呢。

simon


Posted -
2007/3/28 下午 12:46:47

edward,

你說:「在禮儀中的相當部份使用拉丁語,有助激勵教友溯本歸源....」

我問:既然你估計耶穌建立聖體聖事時,是用希伯來語(ernst 說是Aramaic),那麼公教會為甚麼不在彌撒中的相當部份使用希伯來語呢?溯本歸源嘛。

你說:「一種『本地語』要成為實至名歸的『堪當用於禮儀』的語言,所要求的不單單是『普羅信友的理解能力』,它更要求該語言本身被福音所淨化而更有深度,好能恰當地傳遞福音的奧跡。」

你可否舉些實例,說明哪句禮儀中的拉丁語,不能用英文來完全表達?

難道你認為,拉丁語比其他語言更有深度、更神性、更接近天主嗎?若真如此,拉丁語為甚麼會在現實世界中近乎被淘汰呢?甚至很多羅馬天主教的神父不懂拉丁語,我認識一位在神學院教書的神父,他曾說:「我的拉丁文差不多完全忘掉了!」

再重申:我不是反對用拉丁文開彌撒,我懷疑的是為甚麼會說在國際性的禮儀中,用拉丁文「最好」。「最好」是建基於甚麼?

靚仔


Posted -
2007/3/28 下午 02:35:22

西滿:

我們的禮儀中相當部份使用的希伯來語有'亞孟'.要完全準確的翻譯此詞確有難度,這就是為何絕大多數我們都沒有翻譯此詞,而直接音譯.

當然有些新教弟兄姊妹用"誠心所願"來代替,但整體意思上差了很遠.

simon


Posted -
2007/3/28 下午 03:45:16

靚仔:

好例子!

據說,亞孟的意思包含:
一、誠心所願,
二、我都同意上述禱詞。

當說「一」時,自然是包括「二」。我不能想像有人「誠心所願但不同意上述禱詞」。因此,我認為說「誠心所願」是足夠的。當我說「亞孟」時,心裡也是這個意思。

你能告訴我「亞孟」的第三個含意嗎?

靚仔


Posted -
2007/3/28 下午 04:00:35

我"實實在在"告訴你們的"實實在在",那完全是沒有願望的意思的.
確定的認同,和誠心所願是有點分別的.
唸信經的亞孟是確定的贊同,不是誠心所願這麼簡單.

simon


Posted -
2007/3/28 下午 04:52:46

「我實實在在的贊同並誠心所願」能否總結「亞孟」的所有意思?

靚仔


Posted -
2007/3/29 上午 09:42:39

西滿:

問題是,有時是"實實在在",有時是"誠心所願",另有些時是"word play"使一些字句有"多義",那不是翻譯可完全做得到的.

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